VALLEY FEVER
Valley Fever, also called coccidioidomycosis or “cocci,” is a fungal infection caused by breathing in spores of Coccidioides, a fungus found in dry, alkaline soil. The spores can become airborne when soil is disturbed by wind, construction, or other activity. In Southwest Utah, cases have been reported, and the infection can cause no symptoms, mild illness, or more serious, long-lasting respiratory disease. Symptoms may resemble COVID-19, influenza, or pneumonia and can sometimes be misdiagnosed, so awareness and personal precautions are important.
PREVENTION, SYMPTOMS, AND CARE
Select a topic below to learn more about cocci:
PREVENTION
To reduce the risk of cocci, limit exposure to dust and soil that may contain fungal spores. These recommendations may reduce risk but are not proven to fully prevent infection.
Reducing dust and soil exposure may include:
- Avoiding dusty areas such as construction or excavation sites when possible.
- Wearing an N95 respirator in dusty conditions.
- Keeping windows and doors closed during dust storms.
- Using indoor air filtration when available.
- Reducing high-dust activities such as digging or gardening when possible.
- Cleaning skin injuries exposed to dust or soil with soap and water.
- Using antifungal medication only if prescribed by a healthcare provider.
Important: Cocci is not contagious and does not spread person to person. If symptoms develop or you have concerns after exposure, contact a healthcare provider.
SYMPTOMS
Most people with cocci develop mild or no symptoms.
Symptoms may include:
- Fatigue
- Cough
- Fever
- Shortness of breath
- Headache
- Night sweats
- Muscle or joint aches
- Rash (often on upper body or legs)
Important: In some cases, cocci can spread beyond the lungs. A small number of cases may develop more serious or long-lasting lung complications.
DIAGNOSIS
Healthcare providers diagnose cocci based on symptoms, exposure history, and laboratory testing.
Diagnosis may include:
- Blood tests to detect antibodies or antigens
- Chest X-rays or CT scans
- Tissue biopsy in some cases
- Fluid or culture testing to check for fungal growth
Important: No single test confirms cocci in all cases. Multiple tests may be needed.
TREATMENT
Antifungal medications are typically used for people at higher risk of severe cocci or more serious illness.
Treatment may include:
- Antifungal prescription medication for several months
- Supportive care for symptom relief
- Monitoring by a healthcare provider
Important: Treatment is usually needed for 3–6 months in more serious cases. There are no over-the-counter medications for cocci. Many mild cases improve over time without treatment, but should still be evaluated by a healthcare provider.